在電力系統(tǒng)的龐大網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，電纜宛如輸送電流的 “血管”，而橋架則是支撐這些 “血管” 的 “骨架”。其中，電纜彎曲半徑與橋架尺寸之間的關(guān)系，就如同隱藏著的 “適配密碼”，深刻影響著電力傳輸?shù)姆€(wěn)定性與性，是電氣安裝工程中不可忽視的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。

　　In the vast network of the power system, cables are like "blood vessels" that transport current, while cable trays are the "skeleton" that supports these "blood vessels". The relationship between the bending radius of cables and the size of cable trays is like a hidden "adaptation password", which deeply affects the stability and safety of power transmission and is a key link that cannot be ignored in electrical installation engineering.

　　電纜彎曲半徑，從角度講，是指將彎曲的電纜近似看作一段圓弧時，該圓弧所在圓的半徑。它絕非一個隨意的數(shù)值，而是由電纜的材料、結(jié)構(gòu)以及性能等多種因素共同決定。不同類型的電纜，其小彎曲半徑有著明確且嚴格的規(guī)定。例如，無鎧裝的橡皮絕緣電力電纜，小彎曲半徑不應低于電纜外徑的 10 倍；有鋼鎧護套的橡皮絕緣電力電纜，這一數(shù)值則提升 20 倍。交聯(lián)聚氯乙烯絕緣電力電纜，無鎧裝時小彎曲半徑為電纜外徑的 15 倍，鎧裝后有所變化 。這些標準的制定并非憑空而來，而是基于大量實驗與實踐經(jīng)驗，旨在確保電纜在彎曲過程中，內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)不受損害，從而保障電力傳輸?shù)姆€(wěn)定。若電纜彎曲半徑過小，會對電纜內(nèi)部造成諸多不良影響。從導體層面看，電纜導體通常由多根單芯導線絞合而成，過度彎曲會使導體松散、突起，進而影響導體外層半導電層和絕緣層的性能。絕緣層方面，當電纜彎曲時，彎曲處的絕緣會發(fā)生拉伸變形，一旦超過小允許彎曲半徑，絕緣就可能受損，導致絕緣性能下降，增加漏電風險，嚴重時甚引發(fā)短路故障，威脅整個電力系統(tǒng)的運行。

　　The bending radius of a cable, from a professional perspective, refers to the radius of the circle where the curved cable is approximately considered as a segment of a circular arc. It is not an arbitrary value, but is determined by various factors such as the material, structure, and performance of the cable. There are clear and strict regulations on the minimum bending radius for different types of cables. For example, for unarmored rubber insulated power cables, the minimum bending radius should not be less than 10 times the outer diameter of the cable; For rubber insulated power cables with steel armor sheaths, this value increases by 20 times. Cross linked polyvinyl chloride insulated power cables have a minimum bending radius of 15 times the outer diameter of the cable when not armored, which may change after being armored. The formulation of these standards is not out of thin air, but based on a large amount of experimental and practical experience, aiming to ensure that the internal structure of cables is not damaged during the bending process, thereby ensuring the stability of power transmission. If the bending radius of the cable is too small, it will cause many adverse effects on the inside of the cable. From the perspective of conductors, cable conductors are usually made up of multiple single core wires twisted together. Excessive bending can cause the conductor to become loose and protruding, thereby affecting the performance of the outer layer of the conductor's semiconducting and insulating layers. In terms of insulation layer, when the cable is bent, the insulation at the bend will undergo tensile deformation. Once the minimum allowable bending radius is exceeded, the insulation may be damaged, leading to a decrease in insulation performance, an increase in leakage risk, and even causing short circuit faults in severe cases, threatening the safe operation of the entire power system.

　　橋架作為電纜敷設(shè)的載體，其尺寸的設(shè)計需要充分考慮電纜彎曲半徑的要求。橋架轉(zhuǎn)彎處的彎曲半徑，必須不小于橋架內(nèi)電纜小允許彎曲半徑的值。在實際應用中，若橋架尺寸與電纜彎曲半徑不匹配，會引發(fā)一系列問題。當橋架尺寸過小，無法滿足電纜彎曲半徑需求時，電纜在橋架內(nèi)難以順暢彎曲，可能出現(xiàn)電纜相互擠壓、扭曲的情況。這不僅增加了電纜安裝的難度，還可能在安裝過程中對電纜造成機械損傷，縮短電纜使用壽命。而且，不合理的彎曲還會影響電纜的電氣性能，導致電阻增大、信號傳輸不穩(wěn)定等問題。相反，若橋架尺寸過大，雖然能滿足電纜彎曲要求，但會造成空間浪費，增加材料成本與安裝難度，同時也可能影響整個建筑空間的布局與美觀。

　　As a carrier for cable laying, the size design of cable trays needs to fully consider the requirements of cable bending radius. The bending radius at the turning point of the bridge must not be less than the maximum allowable bending radius of the cables inside the bridge. In practical applications, if the size of the cable tray does not match the bending radius of the cable, it can cause a series of problems. When the size of the cable tray is too small to meet the bending radius requirements of the cable, it is difficult for the cable to bend smoothly inside the tray, and there may be situations where the cables are squeezed and twisted against each other. This not only increases the difficulty of cable installation, but may also cause mechanical damage to the cable during installation, shortening its service life. Moreover, unreasonable bending can also affect the electrical performance of cables, leading to increased resistance and unstable signal transmission. On the contrary, if the size of the cable tray is too large, although it can meet the requirements of cable bending, it will cause space waste, increase material costs and installation difficulties, and may also affect the layout and aesthetics of the entire building space.

　　那么，如何精準匹配電纜彎曲半徑與橋架尺寸呢？在工程設(shè)計階段，要準確掌握電纜的類型、規(guī)格以及數(shù)量等信息，依據(jù)相關(guān)標準確定每根電纜的小彎曲半徑。對于多根電纜同時敷設(shè)的情況，要綜合考慮不同電纜的彎曲半徑要求，合理規(guī)劃電纜在橋架內(nèi)的排列方式。一般而言，粗電纜應布置在橋架轉(zhuǎn)彎處的外側(cè)，細電纜布置在內(nèi)側(cè)，這樣能在滿足電纜彎曲半徑的前提下，限度地利用橋架空間。然后，根據(jù)電纜的彎曲半徑和排列方式，計算出橋架所需的小寬度與高度。以常見的梯式橋架為例，假設(shè)橋架內(nèi)要敷設(shè)多根交聯(lián)聚氯乙烯絕緣電力電纜，已知其中外徑電纜的小彎曲半徑為 15D（D 為電纜外徑），若有多根電纜單層敷設(shè)，且考慮一定的安裝間隙，就可通過公式計算出橋架的小寬度。實際選擇橋架尺寸時，還需適當放大計算結(jié)果，預留一定的余量，以應對可能出現(xiàn)的安裝誤差、后期電纜維護或增加電纜等情況。同時，橋架的高度也需根據(jù)電纜的層數(shù)以及散熱需求等因素綜合確定，確保電纜在橋架內(nèi)有足夠的空間，既能滿足彎曲要求，又能保證良好的散熱條件，避免因散熱不良導致電纜溫度過高，影響電力傳輸性能。

　　So, how to accurately match the bending radius of the cable with the size of the cable tray? In the engineering design phase, the first step is to accurately grasp the type, specifications, and quantity of cables, and determine the minimum bending radius of each cable based on relevant standards. For the case of multiple cables being laid simultaneously, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the bending radius requirements of different cables and plan the arrangement of cables in the cable tray reasonably. Generally speaking, thick cables should be arranged on the outer side of the bridge bend, while thin cables should be arranged on the inner side, so as to maximize the use of bridge space while meeting the cable bending radius. Then, based on the bending radius and arrangement of the cables, calculate the minimum width and height required for the cable tray. Taking the common ladder style cable tray as an example, assuming that multiple cross-linked polyvinyl chloride insulated power cables need to be laid inside the tray, the minimum bending radius of the largest outer diameter cable is known to be 15D (D is the outer diameter of the cable). If multiple cables are laid in a single layer and a certain installation gap is considered, the minimum width of the tray can be calculated using a formula. When selecting the actual size of the cable tray, it is necessary to appropriately enlarge the calculation results and reserve a certain margin to cope with possible installation errors, later cable maintenance, or cable additions. At the same time, the height of the cable tray needs to be determined comprehensively based on factors such as the number of cable layers and heat dissipation requirements, to ensure that there is sufficient space for the cables inside the tray, which can meet the bending requirements and ensure good heat dissipation conditions, and avoid excessive cable temperature caused by poor heat dissipation, affecting power transmission performance.

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